Nebraska California Missouri 117,007 116,955 New York 109,282 125,461 Pennsylvania 72,449 61,472 65,506 72,618 In no other state are there as Minnesota Indiana The Irish-born in the country and many as 20,000. The distribution states where they exceed of Bohemians is: were as follows: Massachusetts Pennsylvania Illinois Jerse Pennsylva nia These New York Ohio 425,553 483,375 Wisconsin 249,916 259,902 205,909 243,836 are: Bures show how largely the Irish ar cities, New phia and massed around the great the Germ care scattered through ☑hicago, and how widely the great Northwest gricultural states of the Pennsylvania lish and Fnch extraction. We give the Canad-born into those of Eng for the last tion of thes where the census only the distribu New Jersey The try as 147,440. The census of 1900 whole number of Poles in the coun gives the following numbers of natives of three sections of Poland: two classes by the states The states which in 1900 contained the largest numbers of the are most largely repre several groups were as follows: Russian. German. Austrian. New York 37,347 19,794 Michigan All Massachusett -Canadian 1900 English. French. Illinois 17,083 37,498 10,291 Illinois New York 787,798 395,427 Massachusetts 10,956 158,753 25,607 Maine New Hampsh 151,915 90,336 27,199 41,466 Minnesota follows: The na 35,515 tributed: ves of Italy are thus dis All sented: All In no Pennsylvania 50,959 17,315 Illinois 7,325 New Jersey 19,745 5,320 182,248 64,141 66,655 24,662 The natives of Norway increased 41,865 12,989 many as ther state are there as the Engli 000. The distribution of mained without much change. There was a substantial increase of the Pennsylvania 24,130 19,346 THE EFFECT OF FREE TRADE PHYSIQUE. ON BRITISH SERIOUS DECLINE IN BRITISH PHYSIQUE DUE TO DECAY OF AGRICULTURE DUTY ON CORN ADVOCATED. IMPORT [By our Special London Correspondent.] LONDON, April 10, 1902. trade has practically throttled agri "IF we are in earnest in our wish culture in the United Kingdom and to bring the people back on to the land, we must not hesitate to levy a five shilling ($1.25) duty per quarter on imported corn. I believe in the economic advantages of free trade as firmly as I believe in the multiplication table, but if free trade, in the interest of the individual, results in such a decay of our manhood as I fear is now steadily going on, free trader as I am, 1 would advocate a five shilling duty on imported corn, and to prevent such a duty becoming an oppressive tax would propose that an equivalent amount be taken off the tea and sugar duties. Such a policy would, without increasing the taxation of the workingman, bring the people back on to the land, increase our national security, and at the same time assist the development and promote the prosperity of our sugar-growing colonies and of our Indian empire." The above-quoted words were written by Earl Grey a month ago. The writer of them is one of the very shrewdest and ablest of British statesmen, and his opinions command great weight in Britain. Free the young men and women steadily drift into the towns simply because the country offers no corresponding advantages in work, recreation and future prospects of advancement. Now what is the condition of the British population to-day, so far as the town residents are concerned? One glaring fact will speak volumes out of 11,000 men who volunteered from the Manchester district for service in South Africa, only 1,200 came up to the recognized standard of what a soldier ought to be, while no fewer than 8,000 were rejected as totally unfit even to carry a rifle! Manchester is the hotbed of Cobdenism and the centre of British textile industry. In the great pottery district Earl Grey found just as bad a state of deterioration. There early marriages of immature children are the rule; girl mothers work until within a day of their confinement. So eager are they reported to be to increase the family income that they delegate their maternal functions to the feeding bottle, the only nursing mother known in the district, and return to the fac tory after a short fortnight's ab- and reformation in this direction is sence, with the result that the hor- being urged. But above all this is ing decline rible tragedy of growing a steady and increasin the physique of the generation is being acted in of all the people! Thus we brought full sight sion that humanity the towns back upon e cause the main Grey terrible conclu- try; and thus we come back to what less the present tide of which keeps flooding into can be checked and ebbed the country a slow but inevitable exetion must be our mis erable fate. avert this It is suggested that to Earl Grey started with, viz., an import duty on corn, by means of which agriculture might be fostered, the people be induced to return to the land, and the decay of the na tional physique arrested. I have brought this question to the thand for 12 or in the country, and notice of your readers because it the attractness of the country as a place of men, and t advantages residence for working- _ f both town and coun shows one of the effects which free trade has had on the United Kingdom. Political economists might have talked and argued to the end of try. The test realized by public time, but a brilliant English state houses, amo 000 a year, ating to about £20,000,ight be utilized for this naging the houses on purpose, trust princip es. Another ment shall lea is that the govern- n towns. myself offer any opinion _ion made by Earl Grey Can cities have realized atic city administration ! "They have," he as☑ted Napoleonic princive intrusted the safetheir collective interests to ." Inefficie ical trainin source of دو attention paid to physof school children is a terioration of physique, OUR SECURITY FROM WAR. WHEN [From the New York Commercial.] HEN the little band of American patriots issued the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776 it foresaw in its wildest visions only the establishment of a modest free government for an oppressed people. That the nation it was installing would ever be a formidable "world power," and, above all, that it would ever achieve the distinction of being a world provider of food, never occurred to the most sanguine of them. Yet, with in a century and a quarter of the promulgation of the "declaration," the United States of America is furnishing to the countries of Europe the greater proportion of the breadstuffs upon which their people depend for the sustenance of life. We are literally "feeding the world" with the surplus of our agricultural productions. To what extent we are accomplishing this mission can be learned by statistics regarding the importation of breadstuffs by the United Kingdom of Great Britain. Of the wheat purchased abroad by that kingdom, Canada furnished 8 per cent, Australasia 5 per cent, India 4 per cent, the United States 63 per cent, and all other countries 20 per cent. Of the meat that she imports 60 per cent comes from this country, and of grains other than wheat 45 per cent. She spends $675,000,000 annually for imported foodstuffs, and of this amount $300,000,000 or nearly one half is paid to the United States. According to these figures the United States is the great provision warehouse of Great Britain, and if the facilities we furnish were taken from her, her population would be almost on the verge of starvation. What is true of Great Britain is also true, though to a less remarkable extent, perhaps, of every other large country in Europe. They are all, to a great extent, dependent on this republic for the necessities of life. If our markets were closed to them they could find no other to take their place and furnish satisfactory quantities of the foodstuffs required. It was with these facts in mind that Andrew Carnegie made the statement some time ago that the building of our magnificent navy was a waste of the people's money, because no European nation would dare to make war on us. By doing so they would cut off their food supply and be unable to feed the army or the navy with which they planned to at tack us. THE best thing for the United States, the best thing for Cuba, and unquestionably the best thing for the American political leaders is to forget Cuba for as long a time as we can. Give the Palma government a fair chance. Do not mislead the Cubans with the false idea that the Americans are waiting to gobble them up the first time they stumble in the path. Do not delude them with the belief that they are of such priceless value to this great republic that we will fly to their rescue at the first flutter of a signal of distress. Give Cuba a fair chance. - Colorado Springs Gazette. THE COST OF LIVING. [From the Colorado Springs Gazette.] ( NE published like this: Republican the cost of living under 40 the benefit get left. Take the case of a family, for instance, in which there are four wage earners, and suppose that the wage scale is now $2.75 a day. This would be a total income for the week of $66. Suppose, too, that there are six other members of the family not wage earners, and that the total ext penditures for all purposes amount to $56 per week. If it is true, as claimed, that the cost of living has increased 40 per cent, the expendi and the people as usual tures of the same family in hard Now amitting that the figures ☑rrect and it is hardly given are worth while Score-the to examine them on that cause it fai to take into account two Very imptant elements in the problem. In the great gene reduction of the wage ard times there was no scale. M labor did workmen work for ing scale, so is a fair es Democrati toration u ity. But t for many price. Th ment were in the wee so fortunate up the res bank, or case, their els upon friend charitable through th ay large employers of educe wages and many ould have been glad to en less than the prevailthat possibly 10 per cent mate of the falling off in hard times and the res Her Republican prosper great difficulty was that ere was no work at any men who had employ✓orking four or five days week, but the income would have times would have been only $40 a and those who were not were tramping or using rve fund in the savings , as was more often the upport became a charge or relatives who were nough to help them hard times. been from two members working four days in the week at wages of $2.50 a day, or a total of $20. surplus of $10 a week would in Dem The same family that now has a ocratic hard times have a deficit of $20 a week, which would have to be made up either by decreased expenditures, by drawing on savings or in some other way. These figures are not intended to be exact, but they are sufficient for the purpose of showing the folly of the Democratic argument. Figures, however, are not needed, for certainly there is no one so foolish as to prefer hard times to good times, and no amount of Democratic casuistry is sufficient to make him do to. People do have short memories, but the last experiment in Democratic administration made an impression upon the people that will be remembered. It was just such arguments as those that are now being used that led to the election of Grover Cleveland II and the Congress that passed the Wilson bill. |