purpose, and bad in its assaults upon the onward RECIPROCITY. (Continued.) two or three years, and that during part of this time they have been operating under an administration known to be unfriendly to them; when we consider how long it takes to change habits of trade, and how important is continuity of policy in such matters; when we recall the fact that the sales of England, France, Spain, and other countries to Brazil, Cuba, and other parties to these conventions, have fallen off while ours have increased; when we contemplate the obstacles overcome and the victories already achieved through these agreements, we cannot restrain our wonder that any man claiming to be patriotic should desire to abrogate them. Yet section 89 of the Wilson bill provides for the repeal of the section of the McKinley act under which they have been negotiated. And in the majority report of the Committee on Ways and Means accompanying the bill appear these words: "It is the purpose of the present bill to repeal in toto section 3 of the tariff act of Oct. 1, 1890, commonly but most erroneously called its reciprocity provision.” And during the debate Mr. Springer, a recognized leader in Democratic councils, used these ominous words: "If I understand the purport of the amendment submitted by the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. Wilson] it is to repeal the law under which certain commercial agreements have been made with certain foreign countries. If you repeal the authority for making those agreements you destroy the agreements themselves." What will be the fruits of this action? Not only loss of trade-for Germany will undoubtedly restore her duties on American products to their old rates; Spain will shut our flour and corn out of Cuba; Brazil will withdraw the concessions which we now enjoy, and the other countries will repudiate their agreements-but what is worse, we shall lose the respect of honorable men everywhere; we shall be charged with national bad faith, and we shall have the humiliating consciousness that the charge is just. Let us not forget that in making these agreements the United States took the initiative. The Latin-American republics, prompted by good will toward us, believing our offer to be made in good faith and that the agreement would endure, disregarding the urgent entreaties and warnings of the foreign governments with which they had long sustained trade relations, accepted the reciprocity policy from which so much of good has come. Let us not drive them away; let us not lay ourselves open to the charge of "Punic faith." REDUCTION OF REVENUE. From 1866 to 1888, a period of twentytwo years, the control of the House of Representatives has been equally divided between the two political parties, each having eleven years. saying that in this Republic we can not afford, if REVENUE. (Continued.) During the eleven years of Republican control the revenue schedules were reduced (estimated)..... During the eleven years of Democratic control the revenue Difference in favor of the present minority party in the REMONETIZE. $362,504,569 6,368,935 $356,135,634 To restore circulation in the shape of money; make again legal or standard money of account, as gold or silver coin. RHODE ISLAND. Including the charters of Massachusetts-charter granted March 17, 1644, uniting the towns of Providence, Portsmouth and Newport, under the name of "The Incorporation of Providence Plantation in the Narragansett Bay in New England"-charter granted to Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, July 8, 1663-ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 29, 1790, first State constitution formed November 5, 1842. Legislature is composed of 36 Senators, 72 Representatives. Meets annually, Jan. 31, 1894. State elections, annually, first Wednesday in April, 1894. SENATOR NELSON W. ALDRICH (REP.) term expires Mar. 3, 1899. SENATOR NATHAN F. DIXON (REP.) term expires Mar. 3, 1895. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS. 1st. Population, 180,548. Vote, 1892: Dem., 11,238; Rep., 10,303. 2nd. Population, 164,958. Vote, 1892: Dem., 10,770; Rep., 10,020. The duty under the old law was 75.69 average ad valorem. The duty under the new law is 58.67 average ad valorem. RUSSIA. In Russia the nominal standard is silver, but paper is the actual standard measured by gold; the monetary unit is the ruble; the value in United States coin is gold, $0.77.2; silver, $0.49.1. The coins are gold, imperial ($7.71.8) and imperial ($3.86); silver, 1, 1, and 1 ruble. The ratio of gold to silver is 1 of gold to 15 of silver or 1 of gold to 15 of limited tender silver, The great trusts are guarded by the provisions of this law, but there is nothing to show that the farmer, the workingman or the manufacturer have been heard or regarded in its schedules. -Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Massachusetts. Value of product.. 5,484,618 391,966,547 Amount imported in 1893, in pounds.......... The old law fixed a duty of 8 cents in bulk and 12 cents in packages, per 100 pounds. The new law places all salt on the free list. The value of salt imported in 1884 was $1,663,831; the value in 1893 was $692,493. A million dollars goes to our own producers instead of going abroad. The result of the new law must be awaited. SALT NATURAL BEDS OF. The salt mountains in Lincoln County, Nevada, covers an area of 25 miles, and the salt is pure, white and clear as crystal. In the Colorado desert the Southern Pacific railroad laid its track through large beds of rock salt, and for 1,200 feet graded its road-bed with the crystal blocks, and the beds are about 50 miles long. Near Ithaca, N. Y., at a depth of 1,000 feet a pure vein of natural salt was found 250 feet thick. In Millard County, Utah, is a salt mountain where it is blocked out similarly to a limestone quarry. There are also large beds of rock salt in Kansas. Great quantities of salt are produced from salt springs near Syracuse, New York, in Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, and elsewhere. Our domestic supply is practically inexhaustible. SALT, COST TO FARMERS. There is now a duty on coarse salt of 8 cents per 100 pounds, or $1.60 per ton. The farmer, if a large one, may use 500 pounds, and here would be a saving of 40 cents. The duty on fine salt, used for dairying purposes, is 12 cents per 100 pounds. One pound of salt is usually added to 16 pounds of butter, so the duty on the salt in one pound is one-sixteenth of a cent. If the farmer makes a ton of butter he will use 125 pounds of salt, on which the duty would be 7 13-16 cents. So the farmer would save on his salt the princely sum of 47 13-16 cents annually. SALT, MANUFACTURE AND COST. Take the article of salt, which is sold in Saginaw at 60 cents for 280 pounds, including the barrel, which is worth 20 cents, leaving 40 cents for the salt. If the President is correct when he says the duty is a tax, or, to use his own words, those who buy domestic articles of the same class pay a sum at least approximately equal to this duty to our home manufacturers, then if the duty is deducted, being at the rate of 12 cents per 100 pounds, over 33 3-5 cents, the salt could be produced for 6 2-5 cents for 280 pounds. per cents and ad valorems make believe that the -Hon. M. N. Johnson, North Dakota. SEIGNIORAGE. In modern times, the difference between the actual or bullion value of coins and their nominal or tale value, retained by some governments as a mint charge for coinage. SHEEP. (See Wool.) SHERMAN LAW, REPEAL OF. (See Financial Disasters.) SILVER AND GOLD, COMMERCIAL RATIO. (See Gold and Sil ver, and Ratio.) SILVER, PRODUCTION OF IN THE WORLD. (See Gold and Included in the Carolina charters-separate charter granted in 1729— first State constitution formed March 26, 1776-ratified the Constitution of the United States May 23, 1788. Legislature is composed of 33 Senators, 124 Representatives. Meets biennially, Jan. 8, 1895. State elections, biennially, Tuesday after first Monday in Nov., 1894. SENATOR MATTHEW C. BUTLER (DEM.), term expires Mar. 3, 1895. SENATOR JOHN L. M. IRBY (DEM.), terin expires Mar. 3, 1897. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS. 1st. Population, 134,369. Vote, 1892: Dem., 6,318; Rep., 2nd. Population, 151,220. 3rd. Population, 152,060. 4th. Population, 196,387. 5th. Population, 141,750. 6th. Population, 158,851. 7th. Population, 216,512. Vote, 1892: Dem., 8,001; Rep., itics for a party that bases its claims for popular SOUTH DAKOTA. Area, 77,650 square miles. Admitted as a State Nov. 2, 1889. Legislature composed of 43 Senators, 83 Representatives. Meets biennially, Jan. 8, 1895. State elections, biennially, Tuesday after first Monday in Nov., 1894. SENATOR RICHARD F. PETTIGREW, (REP.) term expires Mar. 3, 1895. SENATOR JAMES H. KYLE, (IND.) term expires Mar. 3, 1897. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS. At large. Population, 328,808. Vote, 1892: Dem., Pop., 25,444. ; Rep., 33,764; At large. Population, 328,808. Vote, 1892: Dem., 14,218; Rep., 33,288; Pop., 14,218. SPAIN. In Spain the standard is gold and silver. The monetary unit is the peseta. The value in United States coin is $0.19.3. The coins are: Gold: 25 pesetas. Silver: 5 pesetas. The ratio of gold to silver is 1 of gold to 15 of silver, or 1 of gold to 14.38 of limited tender silver. STANDARD DOLLAR. WHAT IS A STANDARD DOLLAR ? Mr. Justice Strong, in the famous legal-tender case decided in the Supreme Court of the United States in 1871, used the following: "The coinage acts fix its unit as a dollar; but the gold or silver thing we call a dollar is in no sense a standard of a dollar.. It is a representative of it. There might never have been a piece of money of the denomination of a dollar. There never was a pound sterling coined until 1815, if we except a few coins struck in the reign of Henry VIII-almost immediately debased; yet it has been the unit of British currency for many generations. It is, then, a mistake to regard the legal-tender acts as either fixing a standard of value or regulating money values. (12 Wallace, 553.) STANDARDS OF NATIONS, SINGLE GOLD. The following nations use single gold standard: Austria-Hungary (new system) Brazil, Cuba, Egypt, Finland, German Empire, Great Britain, Haiti, (single gold authorized, not yet coined). Persia (recent), Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Sweden. STANDARDS OF NATIONS, SINGLE SILVER. The following nations use single silv Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Sal Mexico, Peru, Russia, Venezuela. STANDARDS ON NATIONS, DOUB The following nations use double Bulgaria, Chile, Japan, Belgium, Fra Netherlands, Roumania, Servia, Spain tandard: Bolivia, Costa Rica, r, Colombia, Ecuador, India. D AND SILVER. d: Argentine Republic, ce, Italy, Switzerland, The . Turkey, United States. |