His active mind led him to think of machinery, and the first object he aimed at, while evincing his activity, proved him to be an unstudied man, ignorant of the application to all mechanical power of one great fact, that motion is resisted by friction with increasing force, till it is ultimately destroyed by it. However, as the old alchemists, in studying to find the philosopher's stone, to turn all metals into gold, performed experiments that led to the wonderful science of chemistry, so Richard Arkwright's plans to find out a machine for producing a perpetual motion, led him to think of machinery that might be really useful. Up to his time, the manufactures called calicoes, (made in imitation of Indian muslins, and named from Calicut, the place in the East Indies from which they chiefly came,) were composed of a linen warp, and a cotton weft, as no machinery then known could make cotton-thread strong enough for the warp. Even as it was, the demand was so great, that the supply was insufficient to meet it; and that supply was very narrowly limited, for the cotton-thread had to be spun by the use of the one-thread hand-wheel. It is calculated that the cotton-yarn then produced in England, was about equal to what fifty thousand spindles of the

present day produce; and this is about the hundred-andfiftieth part of the number now in constant use.

To the invention of spinning machinery he directed his attention, and at length became quite devoted to it. He had to pass through many difficulties: some for 'want of more knowledge, some for want of money. At length, however, these were surmounted, and he obtained a patent for his invention in 1769. His first mill was erected at Nottingham, and was worked by horse-power; but in 1771 another was built at Cromford, worked by water. Notwithstanding great opposition, he persevered, and thus did the modern cotton manufactories arise. And the humble, industrious inventor did not go without his reward. Had he been an idle lad, he would have lived and died in poverty. He was industrious, thoughtful, and persevering; and while he discovered what has given employment to hundreds of thousands, and made decent clothing cheap to all who use calico, (and who does not ?) he raised himself from poverty to affluence, and obtained high civil honours. The Preston barber was made High Sheriff of Derby in 1786, and received the honour of knighthood. He died at his seat, near Cromford, in August, 1792.

We like to see the seats of the ancient nobility of the country; and we like, too, to see the seats of those who have won their own wealth and honours. Among these last, the name of Arkwright will always hold a high place.

POETRY.

SANCTIFIED AFFLICTION.

BY THE REV. CHARLES WESLEY.

WITH Jesus to reign, whoever aspire,
Again and again He proves them by fire;
Cast into the furnace, their Saviour they praise;
The fire doth but burnish and brighten their grace.

Then let us abide through Jesus's name,

Till seven times tried, and purged by the flame,
Made like our Creator, we gloriously shine,
And bear the new nature, the image divine.

["THE hoary head is a crown of glory, when it is found in the path of righteousness." We have, therefore, selected for the present Number of " the Cottager's Friend," an account of a venerable saint, who walked for a long number of years in the "good ways of the Lord," and who was honoured by being enabled, both in the midst of the infirmities of age, and in the solemn hours of death, to bear testimony to the supporting power of divine grace, and to the comforts of the good hope of everlasting life. Such an example is full of encouragement both to the old and young; to the aged as showing the continued goodness of God, and to the more youthful as proving that the service of God in the beginning of life shall be followed by the crowning blessing of God at its close. Such a memoir will beautifully illustrate the pithy old sayings, "Well begun is half done," and "All's well that ends well." Religion, maintained to the last, always " ends well;" and one of the best ways of securing perseverance is found in a good beginning," a clear and sound conversion to God, a true repentance, flowing from a settled conviction of sin, leading to a direct faith in Christ, which

D

30

MATLOCK-DALE.

another house to look at, telling another tale; so on
go a few miles further, till we come to a spot where
imis almost meet, and only just afford room for the r
on the left, and the road at the steep hill-foot or
And now walk for the next mile and a
night.
England has not a more beautifully romantic
As you proceed, you have, on the right, a lo
covered with wood, dignified with the high-s
use of the Heights of Abraham; on the left
a rocky mountain cliff, as if some gigantic Titan
gal Jupiter, had cleft it straight down, a
hom the water like a barrier-wall;
...rom it, you have a less lofty, but mor
variegated rocks, half hidden by

6

and trees, the water gliding quieti
Matlock-Dale, a spot so lover
We once carried a dar

whone

re

Ceas it.

cas, tiong the water-side, and
cene came into view, she be
Hardly thinking tha
..ely.

be press, even with such beauty, we

And she instantly pointe

There, here.

...is aimost nee

mike and y romant

e right, a the hig on the le

gigantic T ight down parrier-wall Lofty, but m

If hidden

ding quiet

spot so lon

e carried a d

thinking th

mind led him to think of machinery, and the

ter-side, and he aimed at, while evincing his activity. ew, she been to be an unstudied man, ignorant

ypoint
there

to all mechanical power of one great

auty, wen is resisted by friction with increa
is ultimately destroyed by it. Howeve
chemists, in studying to find the philosopher's
n all metals into gold, performed experiments
the wonderful science of chemistry, so
pekwright's plans to find out a machine for

perpetual motion, led him to think of
hat might be really useful. Up to his time,
tures called calicoes, (made in imitation of
ns, and named from Calicut, the place in the
from which they chiefly came,) were com-
en warp, and a cotton weft, as no machinery
could make cotton-thread strong enough
ven as it was, the demand was so great,
vas insufficient to meet it; and that sup
rrowly limited, for the cotton-thread had
he use of the one-thread hand-wheel. It i

at the cotton-yarn then produced in England, qual to what fifty thousand spindles of the