If by a reversal of our policy the home market is destroyed, where, on the face of the earth, will the farmer turn to dispose of his surplus products?

-Hon. J. C. Burrows,

Michigan.

AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT WORK (Continued.)

9. Indian corn successfully introduced as a human food in the leading countries of Europe, with a likelihood of adding to the value of that crop, even in years of the greatest production.

10. The first steps taken toward the extension of our trade in Agricultural products throughout Latin-American countries.

11. Measures adopted to effectually check the growing imports of raw cotton from abroad.

12. The saving to farmers and horticulturalists annually of millions of dollars, by successfully combating the depredations of diseases and insects on vegetation.

13. The wide extension of the Weather Bureau service in the special interest of agriculture.

14. The publication of the three books, viz., Diseases of the Horse, Cattle, and Sheep, have alone been worth more to the agricultural interests than the entire cost of the Department for four years under Secretary Rusk.

By a comparison of the year 1892 with the year 1889, the last year of the first Cleveland Administration, we

Increased our exports of bacon, hams, and lard by $19,000,000.
Exported $12,000,000 more of beef products.

Exported $16,000,000 more live cattle.

Exported $150,000,000 more of cereals; namely, wheat, $115,000,000; flour,

$28,000,000, and corn, $7,000,000.

Exported $2,500,000 more seed.

Exported $1,500,000 more fruits and nuts.

Exported $2,000,000 more oil cake and meal.

Increased the foreign sale of all agricultural products by $275,000,000.

What is the farmers' department of this Government doing under its present head? Instead of expanding and continuing the efforts inaugurated by Secretary Rusk to elevate the American farmer and promote his material interests, a system of false economy has taken the place of the intelligent and progressive policy maintained for the four years of President Harrison's Administration. Meat inspection, the keystone to the successful raising of the foreign prohibition of our meat products, has been curtailed, sugar experiments practically abandoned, preventive measures against the recurrence of pleuro-pneumonia withdrawn, and the work of the scientific divisions of the Department contracted.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, SALE OF. (Prices abroad and at Home.)

The Democrats for a long period have been claiming that agricultural implements have been sold abroad or in foreign countries cheaper than they are sold to the customers in the United States. In support

It may be a question as to how far this
Government or any government should go in
legislating to furnish work for its citizens; but
there should be no question that to close up the
avenues of employment already created is vicious
legislation.
-Senator James McMillan, Michigan.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, SALE OF (Continued.)

of this allegation Senator Vest, of Missouri, offered in the Senate, August 20, 1890, the following:

"I did not choose to bring in anything in the way of extracts from newspapers, but calling for the original documents themselves, I procured with very considerable expense and trouble, considering the size of the pamphlet, a copy of the 'Suplemento" of the American Mail and Export Journal, sent to Buenos Ayres and distributed there and published in Spanish, of exactly the same date of the home edition, which I have in my hand. This is published in New York, April, 1890, whole No. 155,' and the foreign edition is published with this at the head of it, as the Spaniards write it: 'Abril de 1890, Suplemento No. 155.' The American Mail and Export Journal. Precio Corriente Ilustrado de Manufac turas y Productos Americanos. Para Exportacion.'

"It gives the price-current and is illustrated with the identical photographs and the same numbers, of the Ann Arbor Agricultural Company, and not only the same numbers and the identical photographs, but the same patent marks upon the representations of the implements. Of course, they could not change the patent marks into Spanish, and with that exception they are identical in the two publications. Here, for instance and any Senator can see for himself, if he wants the truth-is 'No. 30, instrumentos de agricultura, Ann Arbor Agricultural Company, $4.'. This is the export price of 'The Advance plow, No. 30,' and by the home edition it is shown that the same plow is sold to the American farmer at $8-just double. *

*

"Mr. President, here in the foreign edition of the same date, this supplement to the same paper published in New York, is a note in Spanish, of which I happen to know very little: 'For information apply to Howard, Lockwood & Co., New York;' obviously the agent of the Ann Arbor Agricultural Company, and they are prepared to furnish at these prices. No. 34, for instance, is a plow. There is the photograph of it (exhibiting) sold in Buenos Ayres or anywhere in South America for $9, and here (exhibiting) is a photograph of the identical plow, with the same marks, and identically the same in every way, sold in the United States for $18just double.

"So it is all through the entire list. Here is what is called the 'Clipper,' a celebrated agricultural implement manufactured at Ann Arbor, which is sold abroad for $9.50, marked 'Clipper. I have seen (them in my State with the metallic mark upon them, and here is the identical duplicate of it, a 'Clipper' with the same mark upon it, which sells in the United States for $18."

To this Senator Allison replied as follows:

"I have their letter in my Committee-room, in which they state that their price to the people in the Argentine Confederation is precisely the home price, with freight and commissions added. So there is at least

Clip protection from our tariff, and Ameri-
cans, like Sampson, would be in the hands of the
Philistines.
-Senator Justin S. Morrill, of Vermont.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, SALE OF (Continued,)

one establishment that manufactures agricultural implements which does not charge less to foreigners than it does to our own people, and I will say in that connection that this establishment has two thousand eight hundred reapers, made in my own State, which are now in use in the Argentine Republic."

And on August 22, Senator Stockbridge, of Michigan, answered Mr. Vest in the following statement:

"Mr. President, yesterday, and also the day before, I think, the Senator from Missouri (Mr. Vest) introduced a New York advertising sheet, giving prices of various farming implements manufactured in my own State, and also produced a copy of the same publication published in Spanish in the New York edition. The photographs of the implements with the prices were given, and the same were given in the Spanish publication.

"The point to which the Senator called attention was that for the identical implement, the same number and size, the price in the Spanish publication was just one-half what it was in the New York publication. I was very much surprised at first at that, because I knew this Ann Arbor Manufacturing Company, and while they are good business men and doing a good business, I was surprised to learn that they were making fully 100 per cent. upon the manufactured articles sold in this country.

"I could not understand it. I, upon reflection, became entirely satisfied of what I find is the fact, that the New York publication is a general advertising paper for circulation in this country, advertising various manufactured articles and giving the retail prices. Now, when that document is sent to a wholesale dealer in this country he gets it with the price at which he expects to purchase that article, the price of the article at retail. I have had occasion to know about this from my own experience. A price-list is sent to him in this case, I have no doubt, giving 50 per cent. discount from the prices stated in the advertising sheet, which is intended to cover the freight and the profit of the dealer. He sells to his customer.

"The Spanish publication gives the identical article together with the net wholesale price to the wholesale dealer. The Michigan advertiser did not expect to reach the consumer in South America, but sent his circulars to the wholesale dealers in agricultural implements, and so gave them the net wholesale price.

"I say I concluded that was the fact, but I did not like to make the statement without its being supported, and I took the pains to telegraph these parties to ascertain what were the facts in the case. I will read a copy of the telegram I sent:

'ANN ARBOR AGRICULTURAL COMPANY,
ANN ARBOR, Mich.

Can aliens make treaties easier than friends
can make laws?
-A Lincoln.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, SALE OF, (Continued.)

Does your discount from prices published in American Mail and Export Journal make prices to home wholesale dealers the same as the net prices published in Spanish journals? Answer paid for.

"To that dispatch I received this reply:

F. B. STOCKBRIDGE.'

'ANN ARBOR, Mich., August 22, 1890.

HON, F. B. STOCKBRIDGE, Washington:

Prices to wholesale dealers in this country are the same as to foreign wholesale dealers, with boxing and New York delivery added. ANN ARBOR AGRICULTURAL COMPANY.'

"This advertisement of the Ann Arbor Agricultural Company was the only one which was specifically alluded to by the Senator. There are to my certain knowledge other manufacturing concerns in this country who export largely. I know from my own knowledge that the Studebaker Manufacturing Company, of South Bend, Ind., export wagons and carriages quite largely; and although no case was made against them for selling to foreigners at half price, I telegraphed to them asking them the question as to their prices. I have a copy of my dispatch to them, which perhaps I had better read:

'STUDEBAKER BROS., South Bend, Ind.

wign customers?

Are your prices the same to American and for

F. B. STOCKBRIDGE.'

"To that dispatch I received the following reply:
'SOUTH BEND, Ind., August 21st, 1890.

HON. F. B. STOCKBRIDGE, Washington:
We have never made a distinction in price in favor of a

foreign market; all reports to the contrary are absolutely untrue.
STUDEBAKER BROS. MANUFACTURING COMPANY.
Per C. S.'

"I also knew of another Indiana concern, well known to the Senators from that State, who export their product very largely. I allude to the Oliver Chilled Plow Company. I telegraphed them also the following: 'OLIVER CHILLED PLOW COMPANY, SOUTH BEND, Ind.

Do you make lower prices to foreign than to American

wholesale dealers?

F. B. STOCKBRIDGE.'

Their reply I will read: 'HON. F. B. STOCKBRIDGE, Washington: We do not make lower prices to foreign than to Amer can wholesale dealers. Are prepared to prove that all such reports are false OLIVER CHILLED PLOW WORKS."

all.

With malice toward none, with charity for
--Abraham Lincoln.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, SALE OF (Contined.)

The Farm Implement News of Chicago says: "It is well known that American implements are sold to foreign farmers at much higher prices than to American farmers. We have frequently called the attention of our readers to this fact; but in order to show more clearly the difference, we will quote the retail prices of 1890 on the following machinery and implements, giving highest figures for all sections east of the Missouri River:

"Twine binders, standard size, retail, United States, about $145; England, $225; France, $240; in Italy and other countries at still higher prices.

"Mowers, standard size, retail, United States, about $50; in England, $70 to $80; in France, $80 to $90.

"Sulky hay rakes, retail, United States, $18 to $25, according to size and quality; same rakes in France, $40 to $50; nearly as high in England.

"Hay presses, steam power, retail, United States, $450; in England, $750; in France, $800.

"Hay presses, horse power, standard reversible style, retail, United States, $285; in France, $500; in Argentine Republic, about $560.

"No. 40 Oliver plow, with wheel and jointer, retail, United States, $14; in England, $16 to $18; in other foreign countries still higher. Other plows and other makes of plows are sold abroad at proportionate advances over home prices.

"Grain drills, nine-hoe, retail, United States, about $60; in France and Italy, $140.

"In this way we might go through the whole list of agricultural implements exported to foreign countries. In every case the implement brings higher prices abroad."

AGRICULTURE vs. OTHER OCCUPATIONS.

With whom does the agriculturist have a market for his products? The official statements of Government statisticians show that where 30 per cent. of the people are farmers and 70 per cent. of the people engaged in other occupations the farmer receives $457 of an annual income, while in states where the reverse is true, 70 per cent. of the people farmers and 30 per cent. engaged in other occupations, the farmer only receives an annual income of $160a difference of $297 annually to the farmer who lives in a community of diversified industries as against the farmer who lives in a community of agriculture. This illustration of a market needs no enlarged state-. ment, for all who buy and sell are thoroughly informed of these results Texas and Pennsylvania are fair examples of the operation of this prin. ciple.